六安淠河支流中小河道防渗整治工程应用案例

一、项目概况

本项目为安徽省“十四五”中小河流防洪治理配套防渗重点工程，位于六安市霍邱县淠河支流民生圩段，治理河道总长度2.1km。该河段属于典型江淮丘陵地带河道，河床土质以粉质砂壤土为主，土体松散、渗透性极强。往年长期存在河道蓄水渗漏严重、水位难以保持、汛期岸坡冲刷滑移等问题。原有传统黏土夯实防渗工艺渗漏量大、耐久性差，无法满足现行水环境治理及蓄水保水要求，因此项目全部更换为新型HDPE土工膜柔性防渗体系，由山东兴兆新材料提供全套河道防渗材料与现场技术支持。

二、工程施工难点

项目现场工况复杂，存在多重施工难点：一是河床内部混杂大量碎石、旧树根及建筑垃圾，极易对防渗结构造成穿刺破坏；二是河道岸坡坡度达到1:2，坡度较陡，普通光面防渗膜摩擦系数低，汛期高水位冲刷易出现膜体下滑、脱层隐患；三是河道长期积存富营养化底泥，水体酸碱波动大，对防渗材料耐腐蚀、抗老化性能要求极高；四是六安地区四季温差大，夏季高温暴晒、冬季霜冻冻融交替，普通非标膜材极易短期老化开裂。

三、项目解决方案与材料选型

针对本河段复杂工况，兴兆新材料结合多年安徽河道施工经验，采用分区域差异化选型方案，精准匹配不同位置防渗需求：河床平底区域选用1.2mm全新料光面HDPE土工膜，保障大面积铺设平整度与焊接密封性；两岸陡坡边坡部位选用1.5mm单糙面HDPE土工膜，利用膜面颗粒凸起提升膜土摩擦力，彻底解决陡坡滑移问题；清淤过渡段与碎石集中区域采用300g两布一膜复合土工膜，依靠上下层土工布形成缓冲防护层，杜绝硬物穿刺破损。本项目合计供应国标全新料防渗膜5.6万㎡，全部添加专用抗UV、耐酸碱助剂，适配江淮地区复杂气候环境。

四、现场施工管控

为保障工程质量，兴兆安排专业技术人员全程驻场指导，严格执行水利工程标准化施工流程。施工前期彻底清理基面尖锐杂物，对松软土层进行压实找平；铺设过程中严格遵循“下游至上游、自上而下”施工顺序，预留3%-5%伸缩余量，抵消地基沉降与热胀冷缩形变；膜体搭接宽度不低于10cm，全部采用双轨全自动热熔焊接，杜绝胶水粘接隐患；所有焊缝逐段开展气压检漏测试，异形节点采用挤压焊补强；坡顶统一开挖锚固沟封边固定，彻底阻断侧向渗水通道，全方位保障防渗体系完整性。

五、项目实施成效

工程完工验收合格并投入运行后，河道水体渗漏问题彻底解决，水位常年保持稳定，大幅降低日常补水运维成本。防渗膜有效隔离河床底泥污染物，杜绝氮磷物质下渗污染周边农田与地下水，区域水土环境显著改善。历经多个汛期高水位冲刷与四季冻融循环，边坡防渗体系无滑移、开裂、渗漏等病害，结构稳定、防渗效果持久，顺利通过水利质监站专项验收，成为六安地区中小河道防渗治理优质示范工程。

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